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Sauvignon strategies (in Chinese)

Friday 3 September 2010 • 1 min read
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This is a longer version of an article also published in the Financial Times.

跟简西丝喝一杯

长相思的命运Sauvignon strategies

/林殿理 

导语:新西兰著名的长相思经历了从历来供不应求到第一次供大于求,现在正处于如何保全高价和高品质的尴尬阶段。

引文:这是马尔布罗最机会主义的酒厂,他们高利润的工厂化栽种模式一直被其它酒庄嘲笑与嫉妒着。现在他们终于了解到,他们轻轻松松生产出来的产品能要求的价格也是有限的。

如果运气不错的话,几个礼拜后即将采收的2009年份,全世界最受欢迎的长相思,将有可能是有史以来品质最好的。

月初我又去了一趟马尔布罗(Marlborough),此处生产新西兰产区内果味特别强劲的长相思(Sauvignon Blanc)。我上次造访是在1995年,当时是为了BBC电视台的节目,我开车绕着莫里斯麦纳(Morris Minor),一个由云雾之湾” (Cloudy Bay)酒庄酿酒师所拥有的庄园,来观赏此地的风情。在那时,当地农田改种葡萄的情形相当显而易见,差不多可以从柯隆戴克(Klondike)到当地主要城镇布兰罕(Blenheim)画出一条平行线——就我记忆所及,这城镇当时只有一家极为简陋的汽车旅馆。今天,葡萄农们开着大型的四驱车在此四处穿梭,而大批的观光客们则被多样化的选择给宠坏了。

淘金热退去,但马尔布罗的长相思之湖从1995年开始就快速不断地加深,即便当时的5000英亩葡萄园已是非常的壮观。今天,这里的葡萄园面积几达60000英亩。当我的飞机从克里斯乔吉(Christchurch)在强风中摇晃地飞临南岛北端,那无限延伸的绿色地毯几乎让我无法相信自己的眼睛,这是我所见过最平坦、最整齐划一也最广大的葡萄园。

宽广的威若河谷(Wairau Valley)和南边稍稍凉爽一点、波浪状起伏的阿娃泰瑞河谷(Awatere Valley)一带,狂热改种葡萄的情形并不令人意外。国际上对于马尔布罗所产长相思的需求至今仍未获得满足。其中一个主要原因,可以归功于一个最有名的精心运作膜拜地位的典范云雾之湾(Cloudy Bay)长相思。

马尔布罗最棒的酒

Astrolabe, Discovery Grovetown Riesling 2008

Cloudy Bay Chardonnay 2007

Dog Point Chardonnay 2007

Framingham Wines Classic Riesling 2007

Mahi, Francis Sauvignon Blanc 2007

Seresin, Reserve Sauvignon Blanc 2007

Seresin, Home Vineyard Pinot Noir 2007

Te Whare Ra Gewürztraminer 2008

Wither Hills Chardonnay 2007

Wither Hills Pinot Noir 2006

现在属于LVMH集团,号称每年生产将近两百万瓶,云雾之湾的长相思却还是像限量品一样的被抢购。即使它并不像其它葡萄酒一样需要经过昂贵的橡木桶陈年,而且都是收成后几个月就酿好卖出了,但它还是能卖出比一般不经橡木桶的年轻白酒高出许多的价钱。

新西兰酒,尤其是它的长相思,在英国这个它最重要的市场已经享受了不少年最高平均零售价的殊荣。去年新西兰平均售价每瓶6.47英镑,比第二高的国家足足多出2.09英镑。帮助马尔布罗长相思维持高价的另一个因素,除了它大受欢迎的活泼、干型风格,就是它相对上的稀少性。新西兰的葡萄酒以产量来看依然是微不足道,直到最近市场上的领导品牌(现在是保乐·力加(Pernod Ricard))才开始觉得有能力在美国市场推出马尔布罗长相思——由于某些显而易见的原因,它不像在其它地区一样命名为蒙大拿(Montana),而是称做布兰寇特庄园(Brancott Estate)

2008年份上市之后,一切有了改变。去年的收成量多到令人有点尴尬,达到有史以来最大量的15.4万吨,比前年多了65%,创下了纪录。在人工灌溉的马尔布罗,收成率一向都很高。有传言指出,部分葡萄农每英亩种出了10吨的葡萄,跟法国着名长相思产区松赛尔(Sancerre)的最高限制收成量相比,足足有两倍半那么多。

20083月初采收的葡萄还不错,但紧接着的高温和随之而来的豪雨,使得在采收季末尾酒厂里的酒槽已经不敷使用。根据某位视察了葡萄园的酿酒师表示,葡萄挂在树上都放到变成了软烂的状态。有的葡萄农使用机器直接将烂了的葡萄剪下弃置在地上,让腐坏了的葡萄不致影响到葡萄树本身。

头一次碰到供过于求的状况,而且有些甚至尝不出来长相思的风味,那高贵的价格和品牌形象变得难以为继。去年有两倍于往常的新西兰酒是以大桶装外销,尤其是卖到澳洲,在那里新西兰长相思已经超越澳洲霞多丽成为市场的宠儿。它同样也销到英国,成为乐购(Tesco)圣诞节档期每瓶4.99英镑的灌装酒商品。阿尔迪(Aldi,德系连锁折扣超市)最近对于他们推出的5.99英镑弗利曼湾(Freeman’s Bay)灌装酒十分洋洋得意。这是马尔布罗最机会主义的酒厂,他们高利润的工厂化栽种模式一直被其它酒庄嘲笑与嫉妒着。现在他们终于了解到,他们轻轻松松生产出来的产品能要求的价格也是有限的。

 我们正处于一个交叉路口,马尔布罗葡萄酒产业的新上任负责人马克斯皮肯斯在我最近一次拜访中承认道。但好现象是,人们现在更加关注品质了。他表示今年马尔布罗的大酒厂召集了葡萄种植农来研习收成减量的方法,所以2009年份应该会酿出特别集中的味道。根据杰克森庄园(Jackson Estate)长相思资深酿酒师约翰史帝奇伯里(John Stichbury)所言,“2009年的马尔布罗绝对会是不同凡响如果我们还在的话。

有个人对于现在马尔布罗长相思的跌价应该感到十分的忧心,他是彼得叶兰(Peter Yealands),一位从养殖淡菜赚到第一桶金的当地农人,而后又经营重型机械赚钱,使他得以买下2500英亩阿娃泰瑞河谷的土地并加以重整,全部种上葡萄树——主要都是长相思。这不幸的2008年份,正好是他全规模商业化生产的第一个年份。他坦承他的时机确实不太好,而且形容销售这些生产自非常年轻葡萄树的酒有点具有挑战性。我们原本预估可以用每公升57元的价格卖出桶装酒,但它们现在的价格大约在24元之间而已。然而他还是见到了一丝曙光,它们出现在一些过去未曾进入过的市场,例如德国,但是要把价格提升回过去的水平,还有场硬仗要打。他的酒成功被圣斯伯里(Sainsbury’s)、史瑞莎(Thresher)、马克·史宾赛(Marks & Spencer)等连锁超市以及合作企业、葡萄酒社团(The Wine Society)采用为自有标签酒,但现阶段想把叶兰的品牌建立成高端形象还有相当长远。

叶兰本身拥有一些特别的资源,而他的实务背景让他在面对这产区的种植难题时想出了一两种新奇的解决方案。着眼于降低农用化学品的花费,他相信豚鼠(guinea pig)是很好的除草剂替代物。小规模的实验已经证实了他的想法,但也显示了如果要充分照料他全部的葡萄园,他得养1100万只豚鼠才够。他现在也正忙着养一群侏儒绵羊(dwarf sheep),体型小到可以在葡萄树下放牧,最后可以再冠上马尔布罗羊肉的名号销售。这肯定会是个宣传上的亮点。

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