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为何入手南非葡萄酒的金玉良言

Saturday 10 October 2020 • 5 min read
Thelema Mountain Vineyard in Stellenbosch, South Africa

Published in English on 10 October 2020.

翻译:李晨光团队

本文另一版本发表于英国《金融时报》。另请参阅品酒笔记《炙手可热的南非葡萄酒》和我们最新报道的《南非葡萄酒指南》。上图中,是坐落在西蒙山坡上的泰勒玛酒庄(Thelema's winery)。

早在新冠疫情之前,南非的经济就已陷入困境。目前失业率约为34%的情况下,它需要尽一切可能来振兴经济。南非葡萄酒行业拥有29万雇员,是农业出口第二大贡献者(仅次于柑橘产业)。然而,自今年三月起,却受到重创。

长期以来,南非政府一直在尝试遏制普遍存在的酗酒问题,葡萄酒行业也因此受到牵连。在南半球,因疫情而实施隔离的时间恰逢葡萄采收季尾声,这意味着刚刚采收的葡萄和一罐罐没发酵完的葡萄酒都无人照料。不过在3月26日,南非葡萄酒产业终于在最后一刻获得了豁免特许,得以完成当年的基础酿酒工序,但却被禁止销售任何葡萄酒——不论是在本土还是在占据南非葡萄酒总量45%的出口市场。这些措施不只应用于葡萄酒,而是针对所有酒精饮料。

官方对此条禁令给出的理由是:这样可以腾出医院的床位,否则这些床位就会被因酗酒住院的病人占用。葡萄酒行业则认为禁止出口完全没有必要。

酒类出口被叫停5周,国内销售则被禁止9周。6月1日,在南非境内销售葡萄酒受到了严格管控,到7月12日,又被禁止了5周。8月中旬开始国家才又允许本土销售,但只可在周一至周四的9点至5点之间进行(从9月21日开始,才允许在周五的同时间段进行销售)。

南非的周末葡萄酒产区双日游通常流量很大,占到许多葡萄酒厂总销售额的一半。酒厂将近五个月不得对游客开放,但从八月中旬开始他们获准对外开放酒窖参观。不过还有一个问题,周末访客的订单只能在有限的工作日白天完成,希望送货上门的顾客至少要订购12瓶。

截止2019年,每年约有1000万游客到访南非---集中在12月至3月之间,这段时间里开普酒乡(Cape winelands)将会客满为患,都是来此越冬的北半球游客。旺季时,开普敦的顶级餐厅提前几个月就被预定了。旅游业曾占南非精品酒庄营业额的40%以上。

不过,人们对于即将来临的假期生意并没有抱太大期望。

自今年3月以来,据南非葡萄酒协会(Wines of South Africa)统计,因限令造成的损失达到70亿兰特(3亿英镑)。该国的2778个酒庄和他们的4万名直属员工正处于极度困难时期。生产商不得不将过剩的葡萄制成果汁、浓缩葡萄汁、白兰地甚至洗手液。

那么,关于南非葡萄酒有什么好消息吗?那就是它那纯粹的美感。对于生产出这些物美价廉的酒庄而言,如果销售都要受到制约,这挫败感肯定是难以想象的吧。

自种族隔离制度结束以来,英国与荷兰一直热衷于进口南非葡萄酒。现在有迹象表明,相当有影响力的美国市场也开始意识到这一点。在美国,最受关注的可能是那些拥有老藤白诗南(Chenin blanc)、神索(Cinsault)和歌海娜(Grenache)的新潮葡萄酒生产商。在开普敦东北部黑地(Swartland)的混合农场里,不经灌溉的内陆葡萄园往往为南非雄心勃勃的年轻酿酒师们提供了价格实惠、特征鲜明的葡萄。

斯泰伦博斯(Stellenbosch)的老一辈酿酒师仍在酿造一些出色的霞多丽(Chardonnay)和赤霞珠(Cabernet),但是这些流行品种在加州已经泛滥成灾了。开普区生产的此类酒往往更划算,但似乎美国的葡萄酒消费者并不像欧洲的葡萄酒消费者那么在乎性价比。

我最近一直在品鉴各种各样的南非葡萄酒,红葡萄酒质量的巨大进步令我感到震撼。几十年来,开普区的酿酒师们已经证明了自己擅长酿制真正令人满意的白葡萄酒:霞多丽、长相思(Sauvignon blanc)和白诗南,它们兼备了清爽与趣味。人们似乎能从一瓶瓶酒中感受到凉爽的南极洋流。而且,该国主要葡萄品种白诗南的平均藤龄足以让不少葡萄酒具备很高的复杂度——甚至比白诗南原产地卢瓦尔河谷的葡萄酒复杂度还要高。

多年来,红葡萄酒的境遇则完全不同。一种流行性的葡萄树病毒导致大量的红葡萄难以正常成熟,许多品酒师对南非的红葡萄酒很不满意。但是从我最近的品鉴来看,似乎所有的研究和再植确实得到了回报。我喝过的大多数红葡萄酒都非常美味---有赤霞珠和西拉(设拉子)等佳酿,还有用歌海娜和神索酿制的美酒,她们往往产自开普区的一些老藤葡萄园。传统上最为诟病的红葡萄品种是皮诺塔吉(Pinotage),这是由黑皮诺和神索葡萄杂交而来的一种南非特有品种,味道尝起来一点也不像它的双亲。但现在,即便是皮诺塔吉在很大程度上也被驾驭自如。

时至今日,勃艮第红葡萄品种黑皮诺(Pinot Noir)在南非出产的优质葡萄酒仍极为罕见,但凉爽的南部海岸,越来越多地出产严肃优质的黑皮诺了---同样如此的还有南非用传统法酿造的起泡酒(traditional-method Cap Classique)。

现在南非的葡萄酒生产商可以自由出口了,我觉得采购他们的产品你一定不会后悔。

部分南非葡萄酒推荐

这些仅是我最近品尝过的,还有成百上千款没列出来呢。

Aslina, Umsasane 2018 Stellenbosch
$29.95 Amaro, Brooklyn, NY

David & Nadia – virtually anything
£110–245 per case of 6 ib Justerini & Brooks. Skurnik is US distributor

House of Dreams Grenache Noir 2019 Swartland
£9 Marks & Spencer

Journey’s End, V5 Cabernet Franc 2017 Stellenbosch
£15.20 Tanners Wine Merchants

Kara-Tara Pinot Noir and Chardonnay 2019 Western Cape
£18.99 Museum Wines

Kumusha, The Flame Lily white blend 2019 Slanghoek

Leeu Passant, Old Vines Lötter Cinsault 2018 Franschhoek
£48.40 Q Wines

Mosi, Tinashe Chenin Blanc 2019 Swartland

Perdeberg Cellars, The Dry Land Collection Courageous Chenin Blanc 2019 Paarl
$19.95 RRP

Perdeberg Cellars, Cinsault 2018 Coastal Region
$14.95 RRP

Rall – virtually anything
£95–250 per case of 6 ib Justerini & Brooks

Sadie Family – anything, but the wines are too famous to be inexpensive
£235–£415 per case of 6 ib Berry Bros & Rudd

Stark-Condé Syrah 2017 Stellenbosch
£19.99 Museum Wines

Thelema Mountain Vineyards, Sutherland Sauvignon Blanc 2019 Elgin
£10.50 VINVM

Thelema Mountain Vineyards, Thelema Chardonnay 2017 Stellenbosch
£16.10 VINVM and others

UK specialist retailers of South African wine include Frontier Fine Wines, Handford Wines, Harrogate Fine Wines, Lay & Wheeler, Museum Wines, Swig, Red Squirrel, Vino SA and Slurp.

US specialist retailers include Cape Ardor and the Southern Hemisphere Wine Center in southern California.

Recent tasting notes in South African sizzle – except for the Sadie Family wines, which are so popular that they have evaded us for a while. International stockists via Wine-Searcher.com.

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