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霜冻席卷欧洲葡萄园

Friday 9 April 2021 • 1 min read
Frost candles Cote d'Or 7 April 2021 by Vincent Dancer

Published in English on 9 April 2021.

 翻译:李晨光团队

欧洲大范围葡萄酒产区遭受了严重霜冻的报道铺天盖地。夏布利(Chablis)、金丘(Côte d’or)(首图为本周文森特•丹瑟(Vincent Dancer)的无人机所摄金丘葡萄园中点燃的防霜冻蜡烛)博若莱(Beaujolais)、南罗纳河谷(southern Rhône)和波尔多(Bordeaux)似乎都受到了影响——特别是因为全球变暖,葡萄藤发芽提前了。请阅凯蒂·琼斯(Katie Jones)在南法小镇居尚(Tuchan)拍摄的视频(点击此链接)。下文,沃尔特(Walter)报道了意大利北部和中部的情况。以及沃尔特的后续报道(点击此链接)和马修·海斯关于勃艮第霜冻的报道(点击此链接)。

由于上周二和周三的夜晚异常寒冷,意大利从北部到中部的大部分地区都遭受了霜冻的破坏。强风和朗空使得这次春寒来得更加猛烈,据说是自2003年以来最冷的一次。前一周异常温暖的天气促进了植物的生长,特别是早萌芽品种,而在艾米利亚-罗马涅(Emilia Romagna)、威尼托(Veneto)以及马尔凯(Marche)和莫利塞(Molise)等平原上种植的作物,如桃子、猕猴桃和蔬菜,都遭受了巨大的损害。

来自朗格(Langhe)的第一轮报道提到了大范围的霜冻破坏,不过实际情况只有在未来几天对葡萄园进行彻查后才会明朗。虽然内比奥罗(Nebbiolo)是一个早发芽的品种,但巴罗洛(Barolo)和巴巴莱斯科(Barbaresco)最重要的葡萄园往往都位于斜坡上,因此相对受春季霜冻的影响小些。报道称朗格低海拔地区受到的破坏严重得多。

周三,拉莫拉镇(La Morra)科德·蒙特莫洛酒庄(Cordero di Montezemolo)的阿尔贝托·科尔德罗(Alberto Cordero)对突如其来的霜冻发表了如下看法:

“我们这里也很不幸!今晚的霜冻太猛烈了。我们迅速地巡视了葡萄园,几乎全面受灾,但要想知道确切受损情况还得再等两三天,待受损的葡萄苗干后再评估。走一步看一步吧。冬天情况相当好,春天刚开始时也不错,突然发生霜冻就觉得很是遗憾。我对前景还是很乐观的。之前类似情况下,葡萄藤适应的很好,萌发出新枝,虽然大多不结果(不开花)。不过这在很大程度上取决于未来20-25天的天气情况。这是我们生活的一部分。我们必须接受它,而且我也确实这么做了。”

Alberto Cordero took this picture of frost damage to his vines in La Morra in the Barolo zone
这是阿尔贝托·科尔德罗今天早上拍摄的照片之一,图为巴罗洛地区拉莫拉镇遭受4月9日霜冻后的葡萄藤。

在威尼托地区,经历了一周接近27°C的日间温度后,寒流的到来使得葡萄园和果树遭受了重大打击,甘贝拉拉(Gambellara)和苏瓦韦(Soave)的气温都降到了-5℃以下,而维罗纳(Verona)周围的平原连续了5天-3℃的夜间气温。尽管天气预报说至少还会出现两个夜晚的低温,但普赛克(Prosecco)的生产中心瓦尔多比亚德内(Valdobbiadene)似乎基本上没有受到寒流的冲击。

来自托斯卡纳的第一轮报道说,皮斯托亚市(Pistoia)受到的损害非常严重,种植桑娇维塞(Sangiovese)的葡萄园损失惨重,预估损失现已达50%,而在霜冻前温暖天气里桑娇维赛已经长出新枝嫩芽的地区,损失则高达90%。霜冻也重创了这里的番茄产业。

寒流期间,瓦尔泰利纳(Valtellina)和皮埃蒙特(Piemonte)的部分地区采取了在葡萄藤行间焚烧干草的方法,传闻特兰迪诺(Trentino)地区使用了灌溉系统,但通常情况下,灌溉系统只允许在极度炎热或干燥的紧急情况下用来保护葡萄藤和果树的。

经典基安蒂产区(Chianti Classico)的报道表明该地区似乎并没有受到寒潮的影响,尤其是在基安蒂的拉达(Radda)等等更高海拔的地区,因为这里受高海拔影响,冬季相对漫长且寒冷,桑娇维塞发芽较晚。蒙达奇诺(Montalcino)地势较高的部分似乎没有受到霜冻的影响,接下来的几天情况将会更加明朗,而地势较低的葡萄园则损失惨重。

下文短视频由纪尧姆·博伊洛(Guillaume Boillot)拍摄、马修·海耶斯(Matthew Hayes)发布,之后马修将为大家带来勃艮第霜冻影响的相关报道。

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